Tibetans in-exile throwing ‘chappa’ (cooked wheat flour) following the conclusion of prayers during a ceremony at the Boudha in Kathmandu.

Reuters

Kathmandu

Tibetan refugees living in Nepal face tighter curbs on freedom of expression and assembly as the tiny Himalayan nation succumbs to pressure from neighbour China, Human Rights Watch (HRW) said yesterday.

Nepal is home to more than 20,000 Tibetans - for many from as far back as 1959, when their spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, fled to India after a failed uprising against China.

In its report, HRW said Tibetans in Nepal faced a “de facto ban” on political protests against China and curbs on public activities promoting their culture and religion.

Tibetans interviewed by the rights body accused Nepalese security forces of abuses such as excessive use of force, arbitrary detention, intimidation and intrusive surveillance.

“The situation for the Tibetan refugee community in Nepal has markedly deteriorated since China’s violent crackdown on protests in Tibet in 2008,” said HRW’s Asia director, Brad Adams.

“While good relations with China are important, restricting basic rights crosses a red line,” Adams said in a statement.

“It only undermines efforts to uphold a very fragile rule of law in Nepal. It also encourages politically motivated policing and impunity for abuses.”

Nepalese officials dismissed the report, denying the accusations of mistreatment.

“We are treating the refugees on humanitarian grounds,” home ministry spokesman Shankar Koirala said. “There is no pressure on us from any country … but the government will not tolerate any group acting in a hostile way towards a neighbouring country.”

Two-way ties between Nepal and China have strengthened in recent years, with China becoming a major donor of aid to, and trading partner of, its tiny neighbour, besides bringing major investments in infrastructure development, such as hospitals.

But HRW says Nepal faces intense Chinese pressure to limit the flow of Tibetans crossing the border and restrictions have helped stem the number of those fleeing Tibet.

Fewer than 200 Tibetans arrived in 2013, down from an annual average of 2,000 before 2008.

Hundreds of refugees from Tibet trek for days across treacherous Himalayan mountain passes to reach Nepal every year, and then cross into India where they are given political asylum.

Those captured by Nepalese police are usually promptly handed to the UN’s refugee agency UNHCR.

“Yet, partly as a result of increasing co-operation between Nepal and China’s border security forces, there are significant concerns that Nepal may at times forcibly return Tibetans to China,” Human Rights Watch said.

Nepalese police often stop anti-China protests and arrest Tibetan activists, the rights body says. Authorities deny Tibetans identity documents that would allow them to access free education and health services, run businesses and travel abroad.

Last month, the UN human rights agency urged Nepal to register Tibetans, saying the lack of documentation put refugees at risk.

Although Nepal is not a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, it operates a “Gentleman’s Agreement” with the UN under which it guarantees Tibetans in transit safe passage to India, where they can obtain refugee status.

Nini Gurung, spokesperson for the UN’s refugee agency in Kathmandu said that “the report raises some very serious concerns ... but we are not in a position to confirm these reported instances of refugees being sent back by Nepal to China.”