A video grab shows an image taken from footage made available on the Russian defence ministry’s official website yesterday, purporting to show a Russian warship launching cruise missiles in the Caspian Sea during a strike against Islamic State positions in Syria.

AFP
Ankara


Turkey summoned the Russian ambassador after Moscow’s warplanes bombed Syrian territory “very close” to the Turkish border, the foreign ministry said yesterday, adding to tensions as the two sides seek to narrow their differences over the Syria conflict.
Russian ambassador Andrey Karlov was called in to hear Turkey’s concern over Russia’s bombing of “civilian Turkmen villages... very close to the border” with Turkey, the foreign ministry said in a statement.    Turkey has asked Russia to “immediately end its operation”, it added.
Ankara warned that bombing villages populated by the Turkmen minority in Syria could lead to “serious consequences”, the ministry added.
Turkey also conveyed its “warning and demand” to Russian President Vladimir Putin’s special envoy for the Middle East, Mikhail Bogdanov.
Turkish authorities have already summoned the Russian ambassador several times since September 30, when Russia started its hugely controversial air campaign in Syria.  
Turkey protested that Russian aircraft violated Turkish air space and also warned Moscow against supplying arms and support for Syrian Kurdish forces fighting the Islamic State (IS) group in Syria.
The latest tensions come as Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov is set to visit Turkey on Wednesday, with the over four-year conflict that has torn Syria apart and left over a quarter of a million dead at the top of the agenda.  
With momentum growing in long-stalled efforts to find a peace deal for Syria after the Paris attacks, the two sides will be seeking to narrow their differences on the conflict.
Ankara supports rebels opposing the regime of President Bashar al-Assad but Moscow has refused to abandon the Syrian leader. The Russian air campaign is widely seen as buttressing his regime.  
Russia insists its air campaign is focused against IS militants but Turkey and its allies fear the Russian bombing is mainly hitting anti-Assad rebels.  
Turkey sees the Turkmen minority in Syria as a natural ally in its struggle against Assad. Reports in recent days have suggested Ankara wants Turkmen forces to fight against IS militants on the ground as a branch of the Free Syrian Army (FSA).
This would support a planned joint Turkey-US air campaign to clear IS militants from a swathe of the Turkey-Syria border, the reports added.
“The joint operation with the US on the Syria border won’t be from the ground but from the air,” Foreign Minister Feridun Sinirlioglu was quoted as saying by the Hurriyet daily.
The operation would take place west of the Euphrates river between the towns of Jarablus and Azaz, he added. No details on the timing have been disclosed.  
Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu yesterday told Moscow that “if civilians fleeing massacre and cluster bombs head to Turkey, and a new refugee influx emerges, everyone concerned will be held accountable.”
Turkey is already hosting 2.2mn refugees from the Syria conflict.
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan met Putin on the margins of the G20 summit in the Turkish Mediterranean resort of Antalya on Sunday and Monday.