Afghanistan yesterday signed a peace agreement with notorious warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, paving the way for him to make a political comeback despite a history of war crimes and after years in hiding.
Hekmatyar, who heads the now largely dormant Hezb-i-Islami militant group, is the latest in a series of controversial figures that Kabul has sought to reintegrate in the post-Taliban era by granting judicial immunity for past crimes.
The deal with Afghanistan’s second-biggest militant group marks a symbolic victory for President Ashraf Ghani, who has struggled to revive peace talks with the more powerful Taliban.
A Hezb-i-Islami delegation shook hands with members of the High Peace Council (HPC), responsible for reconciliation efforts with militants, and the national security adviser at an official ceremony in Kabul.
“This is not just a peace deal between Hezb-i-Islami and the government of Afghanistan,” Mohamed Amin Karim, head of the insurgent delegation, said at the ceremony, which was not attended by Hekmatyar.
“It is a beginning of a new era of peace all around the country.”
The agreement will come into force when it is formally signed by Ghani and Hekmatyar, the government said, though no date has been set.
“Destruction is the only consequence of war. So I urge all the opposition groups to pursue peace and reconciliation,” said HPC chief Sayed Ahmad Gilani.
Hekmatyar, derided widely as the “butcher of Kabul”, was a prominent anti-Soviet commander in the 1980s who stands accused of killing thousands of people in the Afghan capital during the 1992-1996 civil war.
He is widely believed to be in hiding in Pakistan, but his group claims he remains in Afghanistan.
The deal paves the way for him to make a comeback in mainstream politics in a pattern well established by other warlords, such as General Abdul Rashid Dostum, currently the country’s first vice president.
But it has sparked revulsion from human rights groups and residents of the capital who survived the civil war.
A group of activists protested in Kabul holding placards portraying Hekmatyar with blood spilling from his mouth and a rocket piercing his nose.
It read: “We cannot forgive the executioner of Kabul.”
“His return will compound the culture of impunity that the Afghan government and its foreign donors have fostered by not pursuing accountability for the many victims of forces commanded by Hekmatyar and other warlords that laid waste to much of the country in the 1990s,” Human Rights Watch said last month.
According to the agreement, the government will offer Hekmatyar legal immunity “in all past political and military proceedings” as well as release Hezb-i-Islami prisoners in exchange for a permanent ceasefire.
Hekmatyar is designated a “global terrorist” by the US and is blacklisted by the UN.
The Afghan government will work towards lifting those restrictions.
The deal is not likely to have an immediate impact on the security situation in Afghanistan.
Hezb-i-Islami has been largely inactive in recent years, with its last big attack in Afghanistan in 2013. It killed 15 people including five Americans.
“Afghanistan has been failing in negotiating peace with militant groups for the last 15 years, and this deal marks the first practical success in that regard,” Kabul-based analyst Haroun Mir said.
“This could be a template for peace deals with other militant groups and marks an achievement for Ghani ahead of the Brussels” development aid conference in October, he added.
The deal was hailed by the country’s international partners including the US and the United Nations. “The initialling of a peace agreement...sends a strong signal of hope for Afghanistan,” the European Union said, expressing hope for an early implementation of the deal.
“It demonstrates that political processes can succeed where conflict cannot.”
The government took the opportunity to renew its offer for peace talks to the Taliban, who have persistently refused to engage in negotiations as they ramp up their nationwide offensive against the Western-backed regime.