Bangladeshi leaders on Friday welcomed the first Chinese president to visit in three decades, seeking to secure much-needed infrastructure investment without alienating China's main regional rival India, a key ally.
Xi Jinping was greeted by a 21-gun salute when he landed in Dhaka at the start of the brief visit after saying he wanted to boost trade and work with Bangladesh on key areas including infrastructure, energy, transport and agriculture.
Bangladesh needs tens of billions of dollars of investment in its transport infrastructure and energy production to boost its flagging economic fortunes and create jobs for its 160mn people.
Bangladeshi officials say they expect Xi to sign loan and investment agreements worth around $20bn during his two-day visit as China seeks to woo countries within India's traditional sphere of influence.
He will also formally open an industrial park near the strategic port of Chittagong that Bangladesh hopes will attract Chinese manufacturers seeking cheaper labour than they can find at home.
"Labour costs in China are six-seven times higher than Bangladesh. The special economic zone alone can bring in $5-$7bn in Chinese investment," said Abdul Matlub Ahmad, head of the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry.
That could create much-needed employment -- Bangladesh's economy has been growing at more than 6% in the last decade, but the World Bank says it needs at least 8% growth to create enough jobs.
Bangladesh's $28bn garment manufacturing industry is the world's second largest after China's, accounts for 80% of the country's annual shipments and employs some 40% of its industrial workforce.
India's sphere of influence 
Analysts said Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina would have to maintain a careful balancing act between cultivating economic ties with China, already the country's largest trading partner, and maintaining good relations with India.
New Delhi has long backed Hasina and held off from criticising her re-election in January 2014 in a contest that was boycotted by the opposition and dismissed as "not credible" by Western nations.
"Bangladesh is in India's sphere of influence," said Ali Riaz, political science professor at Illinois State University in the United States.
"Understandably, India is watching Bangladesh's growing ties with Beijing. But Bangladesh is improving ties with China carefully so that it does not jeopardise its relations with India," he told AFP.
But China, the world's second largest economy, has much deeper pockets.
It has committed to a major programme of infrastructure building stretching from its immediate neighbourhood to Europe through its flagship "One Belt, One Road" policy which seeks to revive the ancient Silk Road trade route.
Asked whether that investment could jeopardise ties with India, Hasina said Bangladesh would maintain "good relations with everyone".
"The purchasing power of our people will increase, and who will be the bigger beneficiary of that in our region? India. India is best poised to benefit from the Bangladeshi market," she said in an interview with Indian daily The Hindu.
China and India, the world's two most populous nations are jockeying for regional influence in Asia.
Their relationship is coloured by a brief but bloody 1962 border war over the northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh, parts of which Beijing claims as South Tibet.
Xi will travel on to the western Indian state of Goa on Saturday for the summit of BRICS countries -- Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.