The government backed a $22bn expansion of London’s Heathrow Airport yesterday, ending 25 years of indecision with an ambitious plan to boost global trade links following the vote to leave the European Union.
Heathrow, Europe’s busiest airport, defeated a proposal from smaller rival Gatwick to secure the first new full-length runway to be built near London in 70 years after environmental and political protests scuppered previous attempts.
The long-awaited decision put Prime Minister Theresa May on a collision course with several senior politicians including her own Foreign Secretary, Boris Johnson, and the plan is also likely to be challenged in the courts.
But with a promise of jobs and greater trade links after Britons opted in June for Brexit, May is likely to win parliament’s approval, triumphing over an issue that has paralysed successive governments in the past.
“After decades of delay we are showing that we will take the big decisions when they’re the right decisions for Britain,” May said of her Conservative government’s backing for what will one of Europe’s biggest infrastructure projects.
The decision in favour of a third runway at Heathrow, due to be built by 2025, is one of May’s most significant acts since she took office in July.
It follows her approval in September of a $24bn nuclear power plant at Hinkley Point.
With established links around the world, Heathrow always offered the greatest economic potential.
However, its position to the west of London, near several affluent suburbs represented in parliament by Conservative lawmakers including Johnson, drew a powerful coalition of opponents worried about noise and pollution.
A new runway will also require parts of the motorway circling the capital to be rebuilt, making it more expensive and complex than alternative options to extend an existing Heathrow runway or build a new one at Gatwick, south of London.
According to a three-year study by the Airports Commission, a new runway at Heathrow would create 70,000 new jobs by 2050 and increase gross domestic product by between 0.65% and 0.75% over the same period.
It will also enable Britain to keep pace with Europe’s biggest airports in Paris, Amsterdam and Frankfurt, which have greater capacity.
But within hours of the decision, politicians were lining up to denounce it.
Johnson, a leading Brexit campaigner, said the plan was “undeliverable” and “very likely to be stopped” while London Mayor Sadiq Khan, alarmed by the potential impact on air quality, said he was exploring legal options.
Zac Goldsmith, a lawmaker in May’s Conservative Party, resigned over the issue, meaning a by-election will be held in his constituency near the airport and potentially threatening to reduce May’s already slim majority in parliament.
Johnson, a former London mayor who once vowed to lie down in front of the bulldozers to prevent a new Heathrow runway being built, said he worried that a third would be followed by a fourth.
Wary of being damaged by the issue, May has allowed her ministers to criticise the plan but not campaign against it before a vote in parliament in a year’s time.
Surveys show a majority of lawmakers will back her.
Lawyers said opponents could delay the decision on the £18bn project in the courts but were unlikely to be able to block it.
Adam Marshall, director general of the British Chambers of Commerce, said governments had prevaricated for too long.
“Put simply, it’s about time,” he said. “Businesses will now want assurances that the final approval process for Heathrow’s new runway will be smooth and swift, so that construction can begin as soon as possible.